Code of safe practice for ships carrying Timber Deck cargoes
Timber means – sawn wood or lumber, cants, logs, poles, pulp wood or all other types of Timber in loose or package forms.
TIMBER DECK CARGO – cargo of Timber carried on an uncovered Part on freeboard deck.
TIMBER LOADLINE – means a special load lines assigned to ships which comply with certain regulations of ILC regarding construction of the ship & stowage , securing cargo.
STABILITY INFORMATION- stability of a ship at all times should be +ve. Even after following criteria :-
1.Increase of weight of timber due to absorption of water/ ice accretion.
2.Reduction of bottom weight due to consumption of FW & Fuel .
3.FSE of liquid in slack tanks.
4.Ingress of water in broken space ( extra weight ) of timber.
1.Fully loaded Departure – cargo hold Full, deck empty , store full
Fully loaded arrival – hold full/ deck empty, store – 10%
Ballast departure – Store full
Ballast arrival – store – 10%
Fully loaded Departure – Hold + deck, full / store Full
Fully loaded arrival – (hold + deck) full / store – 10%
- Tables or diagram showing stability & initial GM, at various drafts to ensure that the ship complies with the stability criteria.
3.Rolling period tables / diagrams – Initial GM ( FSE correction)
4.Max. permissible deck cargo.
5.Information about anti-rolling devices if fitted on the ship.
The master should stop loading operation if the ship develops a list due to unknown reason, ensure that the ship is upright & complies with stability criteria before proceeding to sea.
( large GM will result in rapid & violent motion in heavy seas, hence recommended GM should not be more than 3% of beam.
1.Solid & compact. ( It would induce Reserve buoyancy)
2.Prevent slack which will loosen lashing.
3.Produce a binding effect with the stow. ( so that any disturbance in the stow will not
Loosen the adjacent stow.
- To reduce permeability of the stow ( so the ingress of water/ice is less)
LASHING
Prevent shifting of deck cargo, of sufficient strength as recommended by the code.
SHIFTING OF CARGO
Due to following reason;-
-In sufficient strength of lashing
-Movement of cargo across the deck.
-Failure of Uprights. ( less strength excessive force)
-Heavy rolling / pitching ( Impact of heavy seas)
PREPARATION BEFORE LOADING
-Hatch covers / openings must be securely closed & battened.
-Airpipes /sounding pipes /ventilators should be protected.
-Ice / snow should be removed from deck.
-Lashing gear should be checked & kept ready (rigged) prior loading
–PRECAUTIONS DURING LOADING
-Constant supervision for a compact stow.
-Ship must be upright ( No unsymmetrical loading allowed)
-Safe access to crew quarters , pilot boarding area, machinery spaces ,& all
others working spaces.
-It must be possible to secure close those working spaces .
-Before proceeding to sea through inspection to be carried out . Sounding
-Of all the tanks to be carried out.
HEIGHT OF DECK CARGO
-Adequate visibility ( for nav. Look out duty)
-Safe margin of stability
-Ht. of forward cargo lowered ( minimize water resistance)
-Not to exceed load density
-On a ship in seasonal winter zone ht. of cargo should not be ⅓ of extreme breadth.
-GM is obtained from the formula ;-
Factors to be Considered For Carriage of Timber Deck Cargo.
HAGUE RULES” – “The Carrier shall properly & carefully load, handle, stow, Keep, care for And discharge the goods carried”
1.Type & Components of Timber deck cargo i.e. logs, cants, ragged and packages, Square( or flush) both ends, etc.
2.Type of Vessel – Timber load-line or not.
3.Strength, pitch & Tending of Lashing
4.Height of cargo & stability considerations.
5.Measure to Jettision cargo.
- Keeping clear of all Sounding & Air pipes, necessary for the working of the ship, ensuring means of safe access to all parts of the ship, keeping hold ventilators Clear for operations.
7.“Under deck” and “On deck” Bills of Lading.8.Hatch covers & other openings below decks should be securely closed & battened down.
- Hatch , decks & cargo itself should be kept free of any accumulation of ice & snow.
- All deck lashings, Uprights, etc. in position before loading Commences.
- The Cargo must not interfere in anyway with the Navigation or necessary working
of the ship.